Our template framwork, Wright, incorporates Bootstrap 3 which provides an 'out-of-the-box' mobile first template. The following documentation provides a look at how to use many of the default Bootstrap elements from within your Joomla articles, or modules.

Full Boostrap Documentation may be viewed at the Bootstrap Website

Containers

Bootstrap requires a containing element to wrap site contents and house our grid system. You may choose one of two containers to use in your projects. Note that, due to padding and more, neither container is nestable.

Use .container for a responsive fixed width container.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Use .container-fluid for a full width container, spanning the entire width of your viewport.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Bootstrap includes a responsive, mobile first fluid grid system that appropriately scales up to 12 columns as the device or viewport size increases. It includes predefined classes for easy layout options, as well as powerful mixins for generating more semantic layouts.

Introduction

Grid systems are used for creating page layouts through a series of rows and columns that house your content. We've incorporated this grid system into our framework for presenting content, however, you can use the grids in your Joomla articles to have great control over your content presentation as well. Here's how the Bootstrap grid system works:

The template framework makes use of the default Bootstrap grid clsses .container (fixed-width) or .container-fluid (full-width), which is set according to the option you select in the template parameters (responsive / fluid / fixed).
Use rows to create horizontal groups of columns.
Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows.
Predefined grid classes like .row and .col-xs-4 are available for quickly making grid layouts. Less mixins can also be used for more semantic layouts.
Columns create gutters (gaps between column content) via padding. That padding is offset in rows for the first and last column via negative margin on .rows.
Grid columns are created by specifying the number of twelve available columns you wish to span. For example, three equal columns would use three .col-xs-4.
Grid classes apply to devices with screen widths greater than or equal to the breakpoint sizes, and override grid classes targeted at smaller devices. Therefore, applying any .col-md- class to an element will not only affect its styling on medium devices but also on large devices if a .col-lg- class is not present.

Look to the examples for applying these principles to your code.

Media queries

We use the following media queries in our Less files to create the key breakpoints in our grid system.

{% highlight scss %} /* Extra small devices (phones, less than 768px) */ /* No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap */ /* Small devices (tablets, 768px and up) */ @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { ... } /* Medium devices (desktops, 992px and up) */ @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { ... } /* Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) */ @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { ... } {% endhighlight %}

We occasionally expand on these media queries to include a max-width to limit CSS to a narrower set of devices.

{% highlight scss %} @media (max-width: @screen-xs-max) { ... } @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) and (max-width: @screen-sm-max) { ... } @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) and (max-width: @screen-md-max) { ... } @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { ... } {% endhighlight %}

Grid options

See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table.

	Extra small devices Phones (<768px)	Small devices Tablets (≥768px)	Medium devices Desktops (≥992px)	Large devices Desktops (≥1200px)
Grid behavior	Horizontal at all times	Collapsed to start, horizontal above breakpoints
Container width	None (auto)	750px	970px	1170px
Class prefix	`.col-xs-`	`.col-sm-`	`.col-md-`	`.col-lg-`
# of columns	12
Column width	Auto	~62px	~81px	~97px
Gutter width	30px (15px on each side of a column)
Nestable	Yes
Offsets	Yes
Column ordering	Yes

Example: Stacked-to-horizontal

Using a single set of .col-md-* grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices and tablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices. Place grid columns in any .row.

.col-md-1

.col-md-8

.col-md-4

.col-md-6

{% highlight html %}

.col-md-1

.col-md-8

.col-md-4

.col-md-6

{% endhighlight %}

Example: Fluid container

Turn any fixed-width grid layout into a full-width layout by changing your outermost .container to .container-fluid.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Example: Mobile and desktop

Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding .col-xs-* .col-md-* to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.

.col-xs-12 .col-md-8

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

.col-xs-6

{% highlight html %}

.col-xs-12 .col-md-8

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

.col-xs-6

{% endhighlight %}

Example: Mobile, tablet, desktops

Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts with tablet .col-sm-* classes.

.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4

{% highlight html %}

.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8

.col-xs-6 .col-md-4

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4

{% endhighlight %}

Responsive column resets

With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a .clearfix and our responsive utility classes.

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3
Resize your viewport or check it out on your phone for an example.

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3

{% highlight html %}

.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3

{% endhighlight %}

In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to reset offsets, pushes, or pulls. See this in action in the grid example.

{% highlight html %}

.col-sm-5 .col-md-6

.col-sm-5 .col-sm-offset-2 .col-md-6 .col-md-offset-0

.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6

.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-md-offset-2 .col-lg-6 .col-lg-offset-0

{% endhighlight %}

Offsetting columns

Move columns to the right using .col-md-offset-* classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by * columns. For example, .col-md-offset-4 moves .col-md-4 over four columns.

.col-md-4

.col-md-4 .col-md-offset-4

.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3

.col-md-6 .col-md-offset-3

{% highlight html %}

.col-md-4

.col-md-4 .col-md-offset-4

.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3

.col-md-6 .col-md-offset-3

{% endhighlight %}

Nesting columns

To nest your content with the default grid, add a new .row and set of .col-md-* columns within an existing .col-md-* column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12 or less.

Level 1: .col-md-9

Level 2: .col-md-6

{% highlight html %}

Level 1: .col-md-9

Level 2: .col-md-6

{% endhighlight %}

Column ordering

Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with .col-md-push-* and .col-md-pull-* modifier classes.

.col-md-9 .col-md-push-3

.col-md-3 .col-md-pull-9

{% highlight html %}

.col-md-9 .col-md-push-3

.col-md-3 .col-md-pull-9

{% endhighlight %}

Less mixins and variables

In addition to prebuilt grid classes for fast layouts, Bootstrap includes Less variables and mixins for quickly generating your own simple, semantic layouts.

Variables

Variables determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below.

{% highlight scss %} @grid-columns: 12; @grid-gutter-width: 30px; @grid-float-breakpoint: 768px; {% endhighlight %}

Mixins

Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS for individual grid columns.

{% highlight scss %} // Creates a wrapper for a series of columns .make-row(@gutter: @grid-gutter-width) { // Then clear the floated columns .clearfix(); @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { margin-left: (@gutter / -2); margin-right: (@gutter / -2); } // Negative margin nested rows out to align the content of columns .row { margin-left: (@gutter / -2); margin-right: (@gutter / -2); } } // Generate the extra small columns .make-xs-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) { position: relative; // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty min-height: 1px; // Inner gutter via padding padding-left: (@gutter / 2); padding-right: (@gutter / 2); // Calculate width based on number of columns available @media (min-width: @grid-float-breakpoint) { float: left; width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } // Generate the small columns .make-sm-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) { position: relative; // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty min-height: 1px; // Inner gutter via padding padding-left: (@gutter / 2); padding-right: (@gutter / 2); // Calculate width based on number of columns available @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { float: left; width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } // Generate the small column offsets .make-sm-column-offset(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } .make-sm-column-push(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } .make-sm-column-pull(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } // Generate the medium columns .make-md-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) { position: relative; // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty min-height: 1px; // Inner gutter via padding padding-left: (@gutter / 2); padding-right: (@gutter / 2); // Calculate width based on number of columns available @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { float: left; width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } // Generate the medium column offsets .make-md-column-offset(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } .make-md-column-push(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } .make-md-column-pull(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } // Generate the large columns .make-lg-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) { position: relative; // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty min-height: 1px; // Inner gutter via padding padding-left: (@gutter / 2); padding-right: (@gutter / 2); // Calculate width based on number of columns available @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { float: left; width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } // Generate the large column offsets .make-lg-column-offset(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } .make-lg-column-push(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } .make-lg-column-pull(@columns) { @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns)); } } {% endhighlight %}

Example usage

You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between.

{% highlight scss %} .wrapper { .make-row(); } .content-main { .make-lg-column(8); } .content-secondary { .make-lg-column(3); .make-lg-column-offset(1); } {% endhighlight %} {% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Inline

Wrap inline snippets of code with <code>.

For example, <section> should be wrapped as inline.

{% highlight html %} For example, <section>should be wrapped as inline. {% endhighlight %}

User input

Use the <kbd> to indicate input that is typically entered via keyboard.

To switch directories, type cd followed by the name of the directory.

{% highlight html %} To switch directories, type cdfollowed by the name of the directory. {% endhighlight %}

Basic block

Use <pre> for multiple lines of code. Be sure to escape any angle brackets in the code for proper rendering.

<p>Sample text here...</p>

{% highlight html %}

<p>Sample text here...</p>

{% endhighlight %}

You may optionally add the .pre-scrollable class, which will set a max-height of 350px and provide a y-axis scrollbar.

Basic example

For basic styling—light padding and only horizontal dividers—add the base class .table to any <table>. It may seem super redundant, but given the widespread use of tables for other plugins like calendars and date pickers, we've opted to isolate our custom table styles.

#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry	the Bird	@twitter

{% highlight html %}...{% endhighlight %}

Striped rows

Use .table-striped to add zebra-striping to any table row within the <tbody>.

Cross-browser compatibility

Striped tables are styled via the :nth-child CSS selector, which is not available in Internet Explorer 8.

#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry	the Bird	@twitter

{% highlight html %}...{% endhighlight %}

Bordered table

Add .table-bordered for borders on all sides of the table and cells.

#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
1	Mark	Otto	@TwBootstrap
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry the Bird		@twitter

{% highlight html %}...{% endhighlight %}

Hover rows

Add .table-hover to enable a hover state on table rows within a <tbody>.

#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry the Bird		@twitter

{% highlight html %}...{% endhighlight %}

Condensed table

Add .table-condensed to make tables more compact by cutting cell padding in half.

#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry the Bird		@twitter

{% highlight html %}...{% endhighlight %}

Contextual classes

Use contextual classes to color table rows or individual cells.

Class	Description
`.active`	Applies the hover color to a particular row or cell
`.success`	Indicates a successful or positive action
`.info`	Indicates a neutral informative change or action
`.warning`	Indicates a warning that might need attention
`.danger`	Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action

#	Column heading	Column heading	Column heading
1	Column content	Column content	Column content
2	Column content	Column content	Column content
3	Column content	Column content	Column content
4	Column content	Column content	Column content
5	Column content	Column content	Column content
6	Column content	Column content	Column content
7	Column content	Column content	Column content
8	Column content	Column content	Column content
9	Column content	Column content	Column content

{% highlight html %} ..............................{% endhighlight %}

Responsive tables

Create responsive tables by wrapping any .table in .table-responsive to make them scroll horizontally up to small devices (under 768px). When viewing on anything larger than 768px wide, you will not see any difference in these tables.

#	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading
1	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell
2	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell
3	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell

#	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading
1	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell
2	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell
3	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Options

Use any of the available button classes to quickly create a styled button.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Sizes

Fancy larger or smaller buttons? Add .btn-lg, .btn-sm, or .btn-xs for additional sizes.

{% highlight html %}

{% endhighlight %}

Create block level buttons—those that span the full width of a parent— by adding .btn-block.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Active state

Buttons will appear pressed (with a darker background, darker border, and inset shadow) when active. For <button> elements, this is done via :active. For <a> elements, it's done with .active. However, you may use .active on <button>s should you need to replicate the active state progammatically.

Button element

No need to add :active as it's a pseudo-class, but if you need to force the same appearance, go ahead and add .active.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Anchor element

Add the .active class to <a> buttons.

Primary link Link

{% highlight html %} Primary link Link{% endhighlight %}

Disabled state

Make buttons look unclickable by fading them back 50%.

Button element

Add the disabled attribute to <button> buttons.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Cross-browser compatibility

If you add the disabled attribute to a <button>, Internet Explorer 9 and below will render text gray with a nasty text-shadow that we cannot fix.

Anchor element

Add the .disabled class to <a> buttons.

Primary link Link

{% highlight html %} Primary link Link{% endhighlight %}

We use .disabled as a utility class here, similar to the common .active class, so no prefix is required.

Link functionality caveat

This class uses pointer-events: none to try to disable the link functionality of <a>s, but that CSS property is not yet standardized and isn't fully supported in Opera 18 and below, or in Internet Explorer 11. So to be safe, use custom JavaScript to disable such links.

Context-specific usage

While button classes can be used on <a> and <button> elements, only <button> elements are supported within our nav and navbar components.

Button tags

Use the button classes on an <a>, <button>, or <input> element.

{% highlight html %} Link {% endhighlight %}

Cross-browser rendering

As a best practice, we highly recommend using the <button> element whenever possible to ensure matching cross-browser rendering.

Among other things, there's a Firefox bug that prevents us from setting the line-height of <input>-based buttons, causing them to not exactly match the height of other buttons on Firefox.

Responsive images

Images in Bootstrap 3 can be made responsive-friendly via the addition of the .img-responsive class. This applies max-width: 100%; and height: auto; to the image so that it scales nicely to the parent element.

{% highlight html %} Responsive image

{% endhighlight %}

Image shapes

Add classes to an <img> element to easily style images in any project.

Cross-browser compatibility

Keep in mind that Internet Explorer 8 lacks support for rounded corners.

A generic square placeholder image with rounded corners

A generic square placeholder image where only the portion within the circle circumscribed about said square is visible

A generic square placeholder image with a white border around it, making it resemble a photograph taken with an old instant camera

{% highlight html %}

{% endhighlight %}

Contextual colors

Convey meaning through color with a handful of emphasis utility classes. These may also be applied to links and will darken on hover just like our default link styles.

Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris nibh.

Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.

Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.

Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.

Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.

Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Dealing with specificity

Sometimes emphasis classes cannot be applied due to the specificity of another selector. In most cases, a sufficient workaround is to wrap your text in a <span> with the class.

Contextual backgrounds

Similar to the contextual text color classes, easily set the background of an element to any contextual class. Anchor components will darken on hover, just like the text classes.

Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.

Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.

Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.

Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.

Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Close icon

Use the generic close icon for dismissing content like modals and alerts.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Carets

Use carets to indicate dropdown functionality and direction. Note that the default caret will reverse automatically in dropup menus.

{% highlight html %}{% endhighlight %}

Quick floats

Float an element to the left or right with a class. !important is included to avoid specificity issues. Classes can also be used as mixins.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %} {% highlight scss %} // Classes .pull-left { float: left !important; } .pull-right { float: right !important; } // Usage as mixins .element { .pull-left(); } .another-element { .pull-right(); } {% endhighlight %}

Not for use in navbars

To align components in navbars with utility classes, use .navbar-left or .navbar-right instead. See the navbar docs for details.

Center content blocks

Set an element to display: block and center via margin. Available as a mixin and class.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %} {% highlight scss %} // Classes .center-block { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } // Usage as mixins .element { .center-block(); } {% endhighlight %}

Clearfix

Clear the float on any element with the .clearfix class. Utilizes the micro clearfix as popularized by Nicolas Gallagher. Can also be used as a mixin.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %} {% highlight scss %} // Mixin itself .clearfix() { &:before, &:after { content: " "; display: table; } &:after { clear: both; } } // Usage as a Mixin .element { .clearfix(); } {% endhighlight %}

Showing and hiding content

Force an element to be shown or hidden (including for screen readers) with the use of .show and .hidden classes. These classes use !important to avoid specificity conflicts, just like the quick floats. They are only available for block level toggling. They can also be used as mixins.

.hide is available, but it does not always affect screen readers and is deprecated as of v3.0.1. Use .hidden or .sr-only instead.

Furthermore, .invisible can be used to toggle only the visibility of an element, meaning its display is not modified and the element can still affect the flow of the document.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %} {% highlight scss %} // Classes .show { display: block !important; } .hidden { display: none !important; visibility: hidden !important; } .invisible { visibility: hidden; } // Usage as mixins .element { .show(); } .another-element { .hidden(); } {% endhighlight %}

Screen reader content

Hide an element to all devices except screen readers with .sr-only. Necessary for following accessibility best practices. Can also be used as a mixin.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %} {% highlight scss %} // Usage as a Mixin .skip-navigation { .sr-only(); } {% endhighlight %}

Image replacement

Utilize the .text-hide class or mixin to help replace an element's text content with a background image.

{% highlight html %}

Custom heading

{% endhighlight %} {% highlight scss %} // Usage as a Mixin .heading { .text-hide(); } {% endhighlight %}

For faster mobile-friendly development, use these utility classes for showing and hiding content by device via media query. Also included are utility classes for toggling content when printed.

Try to use these on a limited basis and avoid creating entirely different versions of the same site. Instead, use them to complement each device's presentation. Responsive utilities are currently only available for block and table toggling. Use with inline and table elements is currently not supported.

Available classes

Use a single or combination of the available classes for toggling content across viewport breakpoints.

	Extra small devices Phones (<768px)	Small devices Tablets (≥768px)	Medium devices Desktops (≥992px)	Large devices Desktops (≥1200px)
`.visible-xs`	Visible	Hidden	Hidden	Hidden
`.visible-sm`	Hidden	Visible	Hidden	Hidden
`.visible-md`	Hidden	Hidden	Visible	Hidden
`.visible-lg`	Hidden	Hidden	Hidden	Visible
`.hidden-xs`	Hidden	Visible	Visible	Visible
`.hidden-sm`	Visible	Hidden	Visible	Visible
`.hidden-md`	Visible	Visible	Hidden	Visible
`.hidden-lg`	Visible	Visible	Visible	Hidden

Print classes

Similar to the regular responsive classes, use these for toggling content for print.

Class	Browser	Print
`.visible-print`	Hidden	Visible
`.hidden-print`	Visible	Hidden

Test cases

Resize your browser or load on different devices to test the responsive utility classes.

Visible on...

Green checkmarks indicate the element is visible in your current viewport.

Extra small ✔ Visible on x-small

Small ✔ Visible on small

Medium ✔ Visible on medium

Large ✔ Visible on large

Extra small and small ✔ Visible on x-small and small

Medium and large ✔ Visible on medium and large

Extra small and medium ✔ Visible on x-small and medium

Small and large ✔ Visible on small and large

Extra small and large ✔ Visible on x-small and large

Small and medium ✔ Visible on small and medium

Hidden on...

Here, green checkmarks also indicate the element is hidden in your current viewport.

Extra small ✔ Hidden on x-small

Small ✔ Hidden on small

Medium ✔ Hidden on medium

Large ✔ Hidden on large

Extra small and small ✔ Hidden on x-small and small

Medium and large ✔ Hidden on medium and large

Extra small and medium ✔ Hidden on x-small and medium

Small and large ✔ Hidden on small and large

Extra small and large ✔ Hidden on x-small and large

Small and medium ✔ Hidden on small and medium

Available glyphs

Includes 200 glyphs in font format from the Glyphicon Halflings set. Glyphicons Halflings are normally not available for free, but their creator has made them available for Bootstrap free of cost. As a thank you, we only ask that you include a link back to Glyphicons whenever possible.

glyphicon {{ iconClassName }}

How to use

For performance reasons, all icons require a base class and individual icon class. To use, place the following code just about anywhere. Be sure to leave a space between the icon and text for proper padding.

Don't mix with other components

Icon classes cannot be directly combined with other components. They should not be used along with other classes on the same element. Instead, add a nested <span> and apply the icon classes to the <span>.

{% highlight html %}{% endhighlight %}

Examples

Use them in buttons, button groups for a toolbar, navigation, or prepended form inputs.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Group a series of buttons together on a single line with the button group. Add on optional JavaScript radio and checkbox style behavior with our buttons plugin.

Tooltips & popovers in button groups require special setting

When using tooltips or popovers on elements within a .btn-group, you'll have to specify the option container: 'body' to avoid unwanted side effects (such as the element growing wider and/or losing its rounded corners when the tooltip or popover is triggered).

Basic example

Wrap a series of buttons with .btn in .btn-group.

{% highlight html %}

{% endhighlight %}

Combine sets of <div class="btn-group"> into a <div class="btn-toolbar"> for more complex components.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Sizing

Instead of applying button sizing classes to every button in a group, just add .btn-group-* to the .btn-group.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Nesting

Place a .btn-group within another .btn-group when you want dropdown menus mixed with a series of buttons.

{% highlight html %}

{% endhighlight %}

Vertical variation

Make a set of buttons appear vertically stacked rather than horizontally. Split button dropdowns are not supported here.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Justified button groups

Make a group of buttons stretch at equal sizes to span the entire width of its parent. Also works with button dropdowns within the button group.

Handling borders

Due to the specific HTML and CSS used to justify buttons (namely display: table-cell), the borders between them are doubled. In regular button groups, margin-left: -1px is used to stack the borders instead of removing them. However, margin doesn't work with display: table-cell. As a result, depending on your customizations to Bootstrap, you may wish to remove or re-color the borders.

With `<a>` elements

Just wrap a series of .btns in .btn-group.btn-group-justified.

Left Middle Right

Left Middle

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

With `<button>` elements

To use justified button groups with <button> elements, you must wrap each button in a button group. Most browsers don't properly apply our CSS for justification to <button> elements, but since we support button dropdowns, we can workaround that.

{% highlight html %}

{% endhighlight %}

Use any button to trigger a dropdown menu by placing it within a .btn-group and providing the proper menu markup.

Plugin dependency

Button dropdowns require the dropdown plugin to be included in your version of Bootstrap.

Single button dropdowns

Turn a button into a dropdown toggle with some basic markup changes.

{% highlight html %}

{% endhighlight %}

Split button dropdowns

Similarly, create split button dropdowns with the same markup changes, only with a separate button.

{% highlight html %}

{% endhighlight %}

Sizing

Button dropdowns work with buttons of all sizes.

{% highlight html %}

{% endhighlight %}

Dropup variation

Trigger dropdown menus above elements by adding .dropup to the parent.

{% highlight html %}

{% endhighlight %}

Example

Example heading New

{% highlight html %}

Example heading New

{% endhighlight %}

Available variations

Add any of the below mentioned modifier classes to change the appearance of a label.

Default Primary Success Info Warning Danger

{% highlight html %} Default Primary Success Info Warning Danger {% endhighlight %}

Easily highlight new or unread items by adding a <span class="badge"> to links, Bootstrap navs, and more.

Inbox 42

{% highlight html %} Inbox 42{% endhighlight %}

Self collapsing

When there are no new or unread items, badges will simply collapse (via CSS's :empty selector) provided no content exists within.

Cross-browser compatibility

Badges won't self collapse in Internet Explorer 8 because it lacks support for the :empty selector.

Adapts to active nav states

Built-in styles are included for placing badges in active states in pill navigations.

{% highlight html %}

42 Home

{% endhighlight %}

A lightweight, flexible component that can optionally extend the entire viewport to showcase key content on your site.

Hello, world!

This is a simple hero unit, a simple jumbotron-style component for calling extra attention to featured content or information.

Learn more

{% highlight html %}

Hello, world!

...

Learn more

{% endhighlight %}

To make the jumbotron full width, and without rounded corners, place it outside all .containers and instead add a .container within.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

A simple shell for an h1 to appropriately space out and segment sections of content on a page. It can utilize the h1's default small element, as well as most other components (with additional styles).

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Extend Bootstrap's grid system with the thumbnail component to easily display grids of images, videos, text, and more.

Default example

By default, Bootstrap's thumbnails are designed to showcase linked images with minimal required markup.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Custom content

With a bit of extra markup, it's possible to add any kind of HTML content like headings, paragraphs, or buttons into thumbnails.

Thumbnail label

Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.

Button Button

Thumbnail label

Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.

Button Button

Thumbnail label

Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.

Button Button

{% highlight html %}

Thumbnail label

...

Button Button

{% endhighlight %}

Provide contextual feedback messages for typical user actions with the handful of available and flexible alert messages. For inline dismissal, use the alerts jQuery plugin.

Examples

Wrap any text and an optional dismiss button in .alert and one of the four contextual classes (e.g., .alert-success) for basic alert messages.

No default class

Alerts don't have default classes, only base and modifier classes. A default gray alert doesn't make too much sense, so you're required to specify a type via contextual class. Choose from success, info, warning, or danger.

Well done! You successfully read this important alert message.

Heads up! This alert needs your attention, but it's not super important.

Warning! Better check yourself, you're not looking too good.

Oh snap! Change a few things up and try submitting again.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Dismissable alerts

Build on any alert by adding an optional .alert-dismissable and close button.

Warning! Better check yourself, you're not looking too good.

{% highlight html %}

Warning! Better check yourself, you're not looking too good.

{% endhighlight %}

Ensure proper behavior across all devices

Be sure to use the <button> element with the data-dismiss="alert" data attribute.

Links in alerts

Use the .alert-link utility class to quickly provide matching colored links within any alert.

Well done! You successfully read this important alert message.

Heads up! This alert needs your attention, but it's not super important.

Warning! Better check yourself, you're not looking too good.

Oh snap! Change a few things up and try submitting again.

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Abstract object styles for building various types of components (like blog comments, Tweets, etc) that feature a left- or right-aligned image alongside textual content.

Default media

The default media allow to float a media object (images, video, audio) to the left or right of a content block.

Media heading

Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.

Media heading

Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.

Nested media heading

Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.

{% highlight html %}

Media heading

...

{% endhighlight %}

Media list

With a bit of extra markup, you can use media inside list (useful for comment threads or articles lists).

Media heading

Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis.

Nested media heading
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis.

Nested media heading
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis.

Nested media heading
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis.
Media heading
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin commodo. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis.

{% highlight html %}

Media heading
...

{% endhighlight %}

List groups are a flexible and powerful component for displaying not only simple lists of elements, but complex ones with custom content.

Basic example

The most basic list group is simply an unordered list with list items, and the proper classes. Build upon it with the options that follow, or your own CSS as needed.

Cras justo odio
Dapibus ac facilisis in
Morbi leo risus
Porta ac consectetur ac
Vestibulum at eros

{% highlight html %}

Cras justo odio
Dapibus ac facilisis in
Morbi leo risus
Porta ac consectetur ac
Vestibulum at eros

{% endhighlight %}

Badges

Add the badges component to any list group item and it will automatically be positioned on the right.

14 Cras justo odio
2 Dapibus ac facilisis in
1 Morbi leo risus

{% highlight html %}

14 Cras justo odio

{% endhighlight %}

Linked items

Linkify list group items by using anchor tags instead of list items (that also means a parent <div> instead of an <ul>). No need for individual parents around each element.

Cras justo odio Dapibus ac facilisis in Morbi leo risus Porta ac consectetur ac Vestibulum at eros

{% highlight html %}

Cras justo odio Dapibus ac facilisis in Morbi leo risus Porta ac consectetur ac Vestibulum at eros

{% endhighlight %}

Contextual classes

Use contextual classes to style list items, default or linked. Also includes .active state.

Dapibus ac facilisis in
Cras sit amet nibh libero
Porta ac consectetur ac
Vestibulum at eros

Dapibus ac facilisis in Cras sit amet nibh libero Porta ac consectetur ac Vestibulum at eros

{% highlight html %}

Dapibus ac facilisis in
Cras sit amet nibh libero
Porta ac consectetur ac
Vestibulum at eros

Dapibus ac facilisis in Cras sit amet nibh libero Porta ac consectetur ac Vestibulum at eros

{% endhighlight %}

Custom content

Add nearly any HTML within, even for linked list groups like the one below.

List group item heading

Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit.

List group item heading

Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit.

List group item heading

Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit.

{% highlight html %}

List group item heading

...

{% endhighlight %}

While not always necessary, sometimes you need to put your DOM in a box. For those situations, try the panel component.

Basic example

By default, all the .panel does is apply some basic border and padding to contain some content.

Basic panel example

{% highlight html %}

Basic panel example

{% endhighlight %}

Panel with heading

Easily add a heading container to your panel with .panel-heading. You may also include any <h1>-<h6> with a .panel-title class to add a pre-styled heading.

Panel heading without title

Panel content

Panel title

Panel content

{% highlight html %}

Panel heading without title

Panel content

Panel title

Panel content

{% endhighlight %}

Panel with footer

Wrap buttons or secondary text in .panel-footer. Note that panel footers do not inherit colors and borders when using contextual variations as they are not meant to be in the foreground.

Panel content

Panel footer

{% highlight html %}

Panel content

Panel footer

{% endhighlight %}

Contextual alternatives

Like other components, easily make a panel more meaningful to a particular context by adding any of the contextual state classes.

Panel title

Panel content

Panel title

Panel content

Panel title

Panel content

Panel title

Panel content

Panel title

Panel content

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

With tables

Add any non-bordered .table within a panel for a seamless design. If there is a .panel-body, we add an extra border to the top of the table for separation.

Panel heading

Some default panel content here. Nulla vitae elit libero, a pharetra augue. Aenean lacinia bibendum nulla sed consectetur. Aenean eu leo quam. Pellentesque ornare sem lacinia quam venenatis vestibulum. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.

#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry	the Bird	@twitter

{% highlight html %}

Panel heading

...

{% endhighlight %}

If there is no panel body, the component moves from panel header to table without interruption.

Panel heading

#	First Name	Last Name	Username
1	Mark	Otto	@mdo
2	Jacob	Thornton	@fat
3	Larry	the Bird	@twitter

{% highlight html %}

Panel heading

...

{% endhighlight %}

With list groups

Easily include full-width list groups within any panel.

Panel heading

Some default panel content here. Nulla vitae elit libero, a pharetra augue. Aenean lacinia bibendum nulla sed consectetur. Aenean eu leo quam. Pellentesque ornare sem lacinia quam venenatis vestibulum. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.

Cras justo odio
Dapibus ac facilisis in
Morbi leo risus
Porta ac consectetur ac
Vestibulum at eros

{% highlight html %}

Panel heading

...

Cras justo odio
Dapibus ac facilisis in
Morbi leo risus
Porta ac consectetur ac
Vestibulum at eros

{% endhighlight %}

Default well

Use the well as a simple effect on an element to give it an inset effect.

Look, I'm in a well!

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Optional classes

Control padding and rounded corners with two optional modifier classes.

Look, I'm in a large well!

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Look, I'm in a small well!

{% highlight html %}

...

{% endhighlight %}

Bootstrap Documentation

Overview

Containers

Grid system

Introduction

Media queries

Grid options

Example: Stacked-to-horizontal

Example: Fluid container

Example: Mobile and desktop

Example: Mobile, tablet, desktops

Responsive column resets

Offsetting columns

Nesting columns

Column ordering

Less mixins and variables

Variables

Mixins

Example usage

Code

Inline

User input

Basic block

Tables

Basic example

Striped rows

Cross-browser compatibility

Bordered table

Hover rows

Condensed table

Contextual classes

Responsive tables

Buttons

Options

Sizes

Active state

Button element

Anchor element

Disabled state

Button element

Cross-browser compatibility

Anchor element

Link functionality caveat

Context-specific usage

Button tags

Cross-browser rendering

Images

Responsive images

Image shapes

Cross-browser compatibility

Helper classes

Contextual colors

Dealing with specificity

Contextual backgrounds

Close icon

Carets

Quick floats

Not for use in navbars

Center content blocks

Clearfix

Showing and hiding content

Screen reader content

Image replacement

Custom heading

Responsive utilities

Available classes

Print classes

Test cases

Visible on...

Hidden on...

Glyphicons

Available glyphs

How to use

Don't mix with other components

Examples

Button groups

Tooltips & popovers in button groups require special setting

Basic example

Button toolbar

Sizing

With `<a>` elements

With `<button>` elements